Probability · Pulse Beat
Probability measures how likely something is, from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain). For equally likely outcomes it is the number of ways it can happen divided by the number of possible outcomes. A fair
Probability measures how likely something is, from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain). For equally likely outcomes it is the number of ways it can happen divided by the number of possible outcomes. A fair die shows a 4 with probability 1/6.
For independent events, multiply: two heads in a row on a fair coin is ½ × ½ = ¼.
The expected value is the average result over many tries: a fair die averages (1+2+3+4+5+6)/6 = 3.5, even though no single roll shows 3.5.
The gambler's fallacy is believing a coin is "due" for tails after five heads. The coin has no memory: the next flip is still ½. Over many flips the proportion of heads gets close to ½, but that is the law of large numbers, not the coin correcting itself.